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Cake day: March 31st, 2025

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  • Mate do i have just the right thing for you, but it requires some soldering. It’s also probably cheapest solution working over longer range than you need

    First you need two directional antennas. Use this https://lea.hamradio.si/~s53mv/wumca/cup.html the 13cm design specifically. Design of the dipole element is on another page https://lea.hamradio.si/~s53mv/wumca/sbfa.html They’re using hard to get semirigid coax but you can really just use common RG178 with braid tinned to make it stiff. This way you don’t have to leave D section they way they did, you can just solder core to the shield at the end while preserving total length (or ~1-2 mm less, because wifi is slightly higher frequency; 53-52 mm total). That dummy cable thing can be just any stiff piece of wire. Good way to get this would be getting a pack of u.fl-SMA pigtails, which you can also use for connection.

    You also don’t need special aluminum housing like they do, cookie tin of the right size would be sufficient, or any other container of similar nature. If you can’t weatherproof it, putting it inside on windowsill is also fine

    Then, plug TL-WN722N into it, or some other single-antenna thing, and you’re set. This one connects over USB and has removable RPSMA antenna, so you can connect it easily with correct cable (SMA plug - RPSMA plug)

    to your new directional antenna. This thing works well over 200m distance, provided clear line of sight, and probably more than that


  • here if you need anything over certain power (6kW; depends on country i guess) you need a three phase installation, and even if you get single phase, it’s really handled as three phase split between single phase customers (a block gets three phase supply, then splits flats in three groups, each group gets connected to one phase). this gets supplied by a distribution transformer that might serve somewhere around 200 people per (in residential areas)

    i understand that sometimes americans also get distribution like this, with 208/120 three phase coming from substation, without 240v available








  • it depends on whether you want to transmit or not. if not, you can just use random wire antenna

    random wire antenna is exactly what it says on the tin - length of random wire strung up as high as you can, as long as you can make it work. the other part is ground, where you might want to lay some lengths of wire and connect them in a single point, to act as radio ground. it won’t have right impedance (probably 50 ohm) but for receive, this is ok - it’ll be probably usable, and you can amplify signal without penalty because amplifier noise will be much smaller than atmospheric noise already present. the amount of power bouncing around is tiny and can’t damage anything

    if you want to transmit, you’ll need more elaborate antenna. what you can use depends on whether do you have a tuner like neidu3 describes or not. if you do, common choice is doublet which is a specific length of wire connected to tuner with a 400-ohm parallel line. if you don’t, common choice is halfwave dipole which is halfwave long, and put as high as you can get, either vertical or horizontal, but for practical reasons mostly horizontal, or monopole, that is quarterwave long, but requires lots of wire on ground to act as radio ground. you can make them shorter using coils, but this makes bandwidth narrower. in any case, it’ll be need to be tuned to your band in question, for which you need a tool like nanoVNA. tuner also narrows your bandwidth, but you can retune it so it doesn’t matter that much. (it’c called instantaneous bandwidth)




  • i don’t mean beta-oxidation, it’s just a series of separated normal reactions. i mean something like this: when first learning about ketones, you might learn about aldol condensation, which has enol as a nucleophile and another carbonyl as electrophile. at some other point you might learn about strecker reaction, which has iminium ion as electrophile and cyanide as nucleophile. but really, what you can do is mix and match, and you can pair enolizable ketone and iminium (mannich reaction) or carbonyl and cyanide (cyanohydrin formation) and then generalize, for example you don’t need strictly ketone for mannich, you can use any electron rich conjugated system like malonate or nitroalkane anion (henry reaction) or phenol or indole. to figure this out you need to study mechanisms. these last two are usually treated as variants of friedel-crafts reaction, but really categories like this are fake

    and to get that right, you need to know how these reactive intermediates look like, how reactive they are, what influences their stability which means that ochem starts with discussion of carbocations, carboanions, radicals, their shapes and orbitals involved, hyperconjugation, solvent effects and the like. and then first reactions taught are sn1/sn2, because these showcase these fundamentals nicely, and from there, it’s about introduction of more compound classes

    we only had synthons introduced during lecture at around 4th year, and only for ochem path, it’s not doing a lot at that point and imo would have much more impact right after ochem intro course