cross-posted from: https://slrpnk.net/post/21698005

As government regulators focused on reigning in air pollution, companies were busy generating new sources of pollution, including plastics and PFAS, the so-called forever chemicals. PFAS, which stands for perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are a large group of compounds used, among other things, to make fabric stain-resistant and pans nonstick.

Over time, these modern-era substances — which famously take decades to millennia to degrade — have leached into the environment, reaching every corner of the planet, no matter how tall or deep. Microplastics, PFAS, and some other compounds, such as pesticides, are now so widespread that they’ve essentially become part of our biome, not unlike bacteria or fungi.

They’re so common, in fact, that they’re even found in the rain.

A number of studies, for example, have documented microplastics in rain falling all over the world — even in remote, unpopulated regions. For one 2020 analysis in the journal Science, researchers documented microplastics in rainwater that fell on several national parks and wilderness areas in the Western US. Most of the plastic bits were microfibers, such as those shed from polyester sweaters or carpeting on the floor of a car. The researchers estimated that more than 1,000 metric tons of plastic from the atmosphere fall on parks in the West each year, including both as rainfall and as dry dust. That’s equivalent to roughly 120 to 300 million plastic water bottles, according to the study.

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  • xep@discuss.online
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    15 days ago

    They are, at the very least, likely to be endocrine disrupters in humans: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7926449/

    The exposure to PFASs is known to cause liver toxicity, reproductive disorders, neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity (Table 2). Harmful health effects observed as a result of PFASs exposure could be highly associated with disturbance of hormone homeostasis. It has been reported that PFASs could interfere with molecular components of the endocrine system and modulate synthesis or secretions of selected hormones [27,28,29]. PFOA and PFOS act as endocrine disruptors mainly via effect on distribution of sex hormones, through mechanisms related to estrogen receptor activation and transcription of selected genes [29,30,31]. An in vivo and in vitro study conducted on animals have shown negative impact of two short-chain PFASs, i.e., PFBS and PFHxS on reproduction through the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonad axis [32], mainly due to deregulation of thyroid function [33,34,35,36]. Epidemiologic evidence of endocrine-disrupting activity of short-chain PFASs is limited and, similar to study on long-chain PFASs, in many cases inconsistent. As a result, none of PFASs has been categorized as EDCs by any legislative bodies up to these days. The main reason for considering these compounds to be endocrine-toxic was based on consistent reports, showing thyroid hormone level alterations and high risk of hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis in animals exposed to PFOS [37,38,39,40].

    Also see: https://www.endocrine.org/topics/edc/what-edcs-are/common-edcs/pfas