C++, with some Skill
/s
but seriously, I don’t know any language with a good, C/Cpp-like Syntax (so not Rust), with a good compiler (again not Rust). So I’m sticking to Cpp.
You should check out zig, its compiler can even be used for c/c++. If you have time to listen to an interview, this developer voices interview on zig explains some of the advantages of this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_oqWE9otaE&t=3970s
Nim
Crystal, but only because I’m a full time Ruby on Rails (and sometimes Hanani!) programmer.
It’s fantastic, and I had an excuse to use it at work when we needed to gather PHP Watchdog logs from a MySQL database and format, output them to STDOUT in a Kubernetes environment. (This was necessary for our log monitoring tools expecting data in a standard way, AKA not connecting to a database. 🤦♂️)
I know there are perhaps better options out there (Go, Rust, etc.) but from a Rubyist’s point of view Crystal gives you that “flow” from working in a beautiful language but with the performance boost of compiled software.
C on Morello (or any other capability machine).
D
You forgot that beauty - “undefined behavior”!
Memory-safety can guarantee only so much safety! C++ can still blow up in your face, even with all the alleged memory-safety built into C++, thanks to all the UB traps in C and C++.
Rust is the closest language that has no such “gotchas”.
C++ with -Wall -Werror, and no pointer diddling.
Its definitely best to try and avoid raw pointers, but even if you try really hard I found it’s not really possible to get a Rust-like experience with no UB.
Even something as simple as
std::optional- you can easily forget to check it has a value and then boom, UB.The C++ committee still have the attitude that programmers are capable of avoiding UB if they simply document it, and therefore they can omit all sanity checks.
std::optionalcould easily have thrown an exception rather than UB but they think programmers are perfect and will never make that mistake. There are similar wild decisions with more recent features like coroutines.They somehow haven’t even learnt the very old lesson “safe by default”.
If I wanted memory unsafety I think I would consider Zig instead of C++ at this point.
C# is good too. If you havent heard of lobster you should look into it.
C# isn’t exactly compiled, at least not into machine language. It is transpiled into byte code that is run on a virtual machine that on turn is an interpreter/JIT-compiler.
Depending on why someone is asking for a compiled language that may or may not be a problem, because to the one writing the code it looks like a compiled language, but to the one running it it looks like an interpreted one.
Not necessarily these days! With NativeAOT, C# can be compiled to machine code.
It is compiled into bytecode. A transpiler translates to another programming language with the same level of abstraction. A compiler translates into a level that is nearer to or machine code.
Python
They specified statically typed languages. Python would be dynamically typed
Python is dynamically typed by default, but lots of Python is statically typed.
No python is statically typed. You have type hints, which makes the language tolerable but like their name implies it’s a hint at the type. You can perfectly legally pass in something completely different that doesn’t conform whatsoever.
The primary thing static languages provide is static typing, that being the ability to determine before runtime that all the types are valid. A good example of this is how C++ programs will refuse to compile if you try to invoke a method that doesn’t exist on the type. That’s because it’s statically typed. At compile time you know that the code is wrong. Dynamic languages fundamentally don’t work like that. You cannot know until runtime if the method you called or the field you are trying to touch exists or not. Again type hints help a lot with this but that doesn’t change how the language actually operates.
Scala 3 native. If the compiler was faster I’d be even happier. Curious to try Ada
As others have said, Haskell and Rust are pretty great. A language that hasn’t been mentioned that I REALLY want to catch on, though, is Unison.
Rust
With no context, this could be an honest attempt to learn about different tools, a thinly veiled set-up to promote a specific language, or an attempt to stir up drama. I can’t tell which.
It’s curious how such specific conditions are embedded into the question with no explanation of why, yet “memory safe” is included among them without specifying what kind of memory safety.
Yeah, arguably the only answer to this question is Rust.
Java/C#/etc. are not fully compiled (you do have a compilation step, but then also an interpretation step). And while Java/C#/etc. are memory-safe in a single-threaded context, they’re not in a multi-threaded context.
How are they not memory safe in a multi-threadded context?
There’s nothing to prevent data races. I myself have fallen into the trap of using the same list from multiple threads.
I don’t think data races are generally considered a memory safety issue. And a lot of languages do not do much to prevent them but are still widely considered memory safe.
The question mine as well be “what is your favorite compiled language?”. There is a lot of overlap between the possible answers.
Rust and Haskell (I think Haskell counts)
Julia
I wouldn’t consider Julia statically-typed; am I wrong?
